NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) mission observed a significant reduction in the solar wind’s particle flow in December 2022.
Rare solar wind event expands Mars’ atmosphere
This rare event, caused by a powerful solar occurrence, led to a substantial expansion of Mars‘ atmosphere and magnetosphere.
In a statement, NASA explained that faster-moving solar wind overtook slower streams, creating a low-density void observed by MAVEN. This interaction, a stream interaction region, dramatically affected Mars’ ionosphere and magnetosphere.
The Martian atmosphere expanded over threefold due to the reduced solar wind pressure.
The Sun’s embedded magnetic field in Mars’ ionosphere was pushed outwards, changing the ionosphere’s character from magnetised to unmagnetised.
Such disappearing solar wind events are rare, especially during increasing solar activity. MAVEN’s simultaneous measurements of the Sun and Martian atmospheric responses are invaluable for understanding atmospheric and water loss on Mars.
Watch: NASA’s MAVEN observes rare solar phenomenon
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As the Sun approaches its solar maximum, MAVEN’s observations become increasingly vital for comprehending extreme solar events. The spacecraft’s dual focus on Martian atmospheric dynamics and solar inputs enhances our overall understanding of the Sun.
Watch the rare observation below: